Prevalence and Risk Factors for Therapeutic Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective: To determine the associated factors with non-therapeutic adherence in patients with diabetes mellitus 2. Methods: Observational, retrospective and cross sectional study carried out in the Family Medicine Unit Number 33 of the Mexican Institute of Social Security in Reynosa, Tamaulipas during the year of 2022. The sample consisted of a 113 participants (38 males and 75 females) with diabetes mellitus 2. The four items Morinsky´s Green test was applied to determine therapeutic adherence. Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratories variables were collected from the electronic clinical record. A frequency distributional analysis was performed, segmenting therapeutic adherence and non-adherence. Subsequently bivariate analyzes were applied: chi square and Fishers exact test; polychoric or polyserial correlational analysis that determines the non-therapeutic adherence relationship and clinical and demographic factors. Finally, a logistic regression model was performed to obtain odds ratios (OR). Results: the prevalence of therapeutic adherence was 47.37% and non-adherence of 52.62%. Mean age of 62.44 years. There are no significant differences between sex, marital status and occupation with non-therapeutic adherence. Age did show significant differences for therapeutic non-adherence. Mean body weight of 74.3 kilograms. The associated risk factors for therapeutic non-adherence were: obesity grade III OR of 11.10 (CI 1.31-94.27), 22 to 24 years since diabetes mellitus 2 since diagnosis has an OR of 21.50 (UC 2.23-207.4) and polypharmacy OR (1.02-63.33). Conclusions: Half of the patients do not have therapeutic adherence and the main factors that contribute to this are: polypharmacy, time of evolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.