Most Frequent Periodontal Disease Based on the Level of Glycated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Integrated into the CADIMSS Program

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate which is the most frequent periodontal disease based on the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and prospective study was conducted in which 241 patients from the CADIMSS service at UMF #45 in San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico, were evaluated. Non-probability quota sampling was used. Data collection took place from November 2024 to February 2025. SPSS version 25 was used for statistical analysis. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. Results: The mean age was 57.27 years, with a predominance of females (68.5%). Regarding educational level, secondary education was the most common (33.6%). Smoking was not significant (12.9%). Type 2 diabetes had a mean duration of 16 years, with an average HbA1c of 7.7%. 75.1% of patients showed poor glycemic control, and 80.5% presented with some form of oral disease. Periodontitis was observed in 59.3%, with the coexistence of multiple conditions being common. Optimal tooth brushing was prevalent in 68% of cases. Conclusions: There is a bidirectional relationship between type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease. Longer duration of diabetes and elevated HbA1c levels are associated with a higher prevalence of periodontal disease. Adequate glycemic control is key to preventing complications such as periodontitis, through the integration of education, follow-up, and comprehensive patient care.